INTRODUCTION The epidemiologic literature has consistently shown that black women and men have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) and a lower incidence of osteoporotic fracture compared to age- and sex-matched whites. The lower rate of fractures among blacks has been attributed to their higher BMD levels, but other factors could contribute. Furthermore, the relationship [...]

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Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. It predominantly affects children between the ages of six months and two years, and usually less than five years of age. Asian children are at higher risk due to genetic predisposition. The male-female ratio is 1.5:1. Males are more frequently affected [...]

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Initial Presentation and History A 21-year-old gravida 3 para 1111 African-American female returned to a community hospital emergency department one week postdischarge after having been hospitalized for five days with the working diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome, but she never fulfilled the criteria of multisystem involvement. At the time of initial presentation, she was four [...]

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SECTION THREE: MODES OF IMPLEMENTATION This essay has examined diversity rights claims within the medical profession systemically—especially in its manner of training and admitting new practitioners to orthopedic surgery. If the above argument is correct, increasing diversity among African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and women in orthopedic surgery is necessary for moral and prudential reasons. [...]

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SECTION TWO: THE PRUDENTIAL ARGUMENT FOR PROFESSIONAL DIVERSITY At this point, our argument takes a rather different direction. We contend that (ethics aside) a profession that is more diverse in its membership will be more excellent in the execution of its functional tasks than one that is not diverse. For purposes of clarification, we will [...]

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So far this essay has contended that morality demands proportional diversity in the professions (based upon the puzzle-maker model of merit). This section will also argue for the ethical foundations of proportional diversity within the professions via an argument that goes to the nature of professional ethics itself: the contract with the host society. On [...]

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SECTION ONE: THE MORAL ARGUMENT FOR PROPORTIONAL DIVERSITY In this section of the paper, two aspects of the moral argument will be explored. First, a general moral argument will be presented on the basis of merit considerations. Second, an argument based upon professional ethics will be put forth.

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