Correlates of Obesity among Patients Attending: RESULTS

Demographic characteristics of the 923 respondents, stratified by racial group, are summarized in Table 1. African Americans were less likely to report higher levels of educational attainment or higher levels of household income. Whites reported a greater level of exercise. There were no significant differences by age, gender, employment status, level of comorbidity, BMI categories, health status ratings or body image ratings by racial group.

Table 1. Selected socioodemographic and clinical characteristics of respondents, Deaconess Family Medicine Center, Buffalo, NY, 1998-2000, stratified by race

Race
	African-American (n=811)		White (n
Variable	n	%	n	%	Chi-Squared, P Value
Age (Years) 20-39 40-49 50-64	372 219 202	46.9% 27.6% 25.5%	49 31 32	43.8% 27.7% 28.6%	0.58, NS
Gender Male Female	222 589	27.4% 72.6%	34 78	30.4% 69.6%	0.44, NS
Education < High school High-school degree Some college > College graduate	199 241 253 89	25.4% 30.8% 32.4% 11.4%	7 28 33 38	6.6% 26.4% 31.1% 35.8%	4.00, O.001
Employment Employed Unemployed	406 390	51.0% 49.0%	58 52	52.7% 47.3%	0.12, NS
Household Income (During Prior Year) <$ 10,000 396 $10,000-$29,999 251 >$30,000 43		57.4% 36.4% 6.2%	39 43 22	37.5% 41.3% 21.2%	27.26, O.001
Comorbidity None 1-2 conditions 3-5 conditions >6 conditions	146 234 219 212	18.0% 28.9% 27.0% 26.1%	19 28 36 29	17.0% 25.0% 32.1% 25.9%	1.52, NS
Body Image Overweight Underweight Just about right	408 87 305	51.0% 10.9% 38.1%	64 6 41	57.7% 5.4% 36.9%	3.73, NS
Exercise <1 time/week 1-2 times/week >3 times/week	253 197 277	34.8% 27.1% 38.1%	23 32 51	21.7% 30.2% 48.1%	7.47, 0.024
Body Mass Index (BMI) Normal (18.5-24.9) Overweight (25.0-29.9) Obese (>30.0)	68 160 240	14.5% 34.2% 51.3%	16 23 29	23.5% 33.8% 42.6%	3.95, NS
Health Rating Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor	50 104 275 282 76	6.4% 13.2% 34.9% 35.8% 9.7%	10 23 35 34 9	9.0% 20.7% 31.5% 30.6% 8.1%	6.23, NS
Comorbidity and health ratings based upon self-reported information; numbers within categories may not sum to total number of respondents due to missing data for selected variables.

Table 2 presents results of logistic modeling that examined BMI across selected categories of sociode-mographic and clinical characteristics. Results of the logistic modeling revealed that respondents with a BMI consistent with obesity (e.g., >30.0) were significantly less likely to be female, white and to report a body image of overweight. (The logistic model examining the relationship between these independent variables and BMI accounted for 33% of the variance in BMI.)
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Table 2. Selected socioodemographic and clinical characteristics of respondents. Deaconess Family Medicine Center, Buffalo, NY, 1998-2000, stratified by body mass index

Body Mass Index
	>30.0 (n=270)		<30.0 (n=270)		Unadjusted	Adjusted**
Variable	n	%	n	%	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Age (Years) 20-39 40-49 50-64	106 73 88	39.7% 27.3% 33.0%	122 79 62	46.4% 30.0% 23.6%	1.0 (ref) 1.06 (0.71-1.60) 1.63 (1.08-2.48)	1.0 (ref) 0.60 (0.32-1.11) 1.0 (0.53-1.89)
Gender Male Female	92 177	34.2% 65.8%	87 180	32.6% 67.4%	1.0 (ref) 0.93 (0.65-1.33)	1.0 (ref) 0.42 (0.23-0.77)
Race African-American White	240 29	89.2% 10.8%	228 39	85.4% 14.6%	1.0 (ref) 0.71 (0.42-1.81)	1.0 (ref) 0.32 (0.15-0.69)
Education < High school Some college > College graduate	140 86 35	53.6% 33.0% 13.4%	134 84 35	53.0% 33.2% 13.8%	1.0 (ref) 0.98 (0.67-1.44) 0.96 (0.57-1.62)	1.0 (ref) 0.69 (0.39-1.22) 0.56 (0.26-1.22)
Employment Employed Unemployed	134 130	50.8% 49.2%	134 124	51.9% 48.1%	1.0 (ref) 1.05 (0.74-1.48)	1.0 (ref) 1.20 (0.66-2.15)
Household Income (During Prior Year) <$ 10,000 122 50.8% >$ 10,000 118 49.2%			125 107	53.9% 46.1%	1.0 (ref) 1.13 (0.79-1.62)	1.0 (ref) 0.96 (0.53-1.73)
Comorbidity None 1-2 conditions >3 conditions	146 76 47	54.3% 28.3% 17.5%	141 78 48	52.8% 29.2% 18.0%	1.0 (ref) 0.94 (0.64-1.39) 0.95 (0.60-1.50)	1.0 (ref) 0.69 (0.37-1.28) 1.16 (0.54-2.47)
Body Image Not overweight Overweight	201 67	75.0% 25.0%	57 208	21.5% 78.5%	1.0 (ref) 0.09 (0.06-0.14)	1.0 (ref) 0.05 (0.03-0.08)
Exercise <1 time/week 1-2 times/week >3 times/week	70 82 96	28.2% 33.1% 38.7%	82 58 103	33.7% 23.9% 42.4%	1.0 (ref) 1.66 (1.04-2.63) 1.09 (0.72-1.67)	1.0 (ref) 1.30 (0.66-2.54) 0.87 (0.47-1.61)
Health Rating Excellent/very good 50 19.2% 65 24.9% 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) Good 100 65.0% 89 34.1% 1.46(0.92-2.33) 0.75(0.37-1.53) Fair/poor 110 42.3% 107 41.0% 1.34 (0.85-2.11) 0.57 (0.27-1.22) ** Adjusted for age, gender, race, education, employment, household income, comorbidity, body image, level of exercise and health rating; data within categories may not sum to overall total number of respondents due to missing data; r2=0.33

Results of the logistic model for body image reveal that respondents who reported their body image as overweight were significantly more likely to be ages 50-64 years, female, white and to report their health as good or fair/poor. Also, individuals with a BMI consistent with normal/overweight were significantly less likely to report their body image rating as overweight (Table 3). This logistic model for body image accounted for 39% of the variance. buy phentrimine

Table 3. Selected socioodemographic and clinical characteristics of respondents, Deaconess Family Medicine Center, Buffalo, NY, 1998-2000, stratified by body image rating

Body Image Rating
	‘Overweight” (n=472)		“Underweight” or “Just about Right” (n=439)		Unadjusted	Adjusted**
Variable	n	%	n	%	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Age (Years) 20-39 40-49 50-64	191 131 141	41.3% 28.3% 30.5%	223 117 90	51.9% 27.2% 20.9%	1.0 (ref) 1.31 (0.95-1.79) 1.83 (1.32-2.54)	1.0 (ref) 1.76 (0.93-3.33) 1.95 (1.03-3.72)
Gender Male Female	88 384	18.6% 81.4%	165 274	37.6% 62.4%	1.0 (ref) 2.63 (1.94-3.55)	1.0 (ref) 4.66 (2.50-8.70)
Race African-American White	408 64	86.4% 13.6%	392 47	89.3% 10.7%	1.0 (ref) 1.31 (0.88-1.95)	1.0 (ref) 2.97 (1.33-6.63)
Education < High school Some college > College graduate	226 150 81	49.5% 32.8% 17.7%	243 132 45	57.9% 31.4% 10.7%	1.0 (ref) 1.22 (0.91-1.64) 1.94 (1.29-2.91)	1.0 (ref) 1.23 (0.68-2.25) 2.17 (0.94-4.98)
Employment Employed Unemployed	255 215	54.3% 45.7%	206 221	48.2% 51.8%	1.0 (ref) 0.78 (0.60-1.01)	1.0 (ref) 0.82 (0.45-1.49)
Household Income (During Prior Year) <$ 10,000 225 52.8% >$ 10,000 201 47.2%			202 160	55.8% 44.2%	1.0 (ref) 1.15 (0.87-1.52)	1.0 (ref) 1.57 (0.84-2.90)
Comorbidity None 1-2 conditions >3 conditions	59 130 283	12.5% 27.5% 60.0%	105 128 206	23.9% 29.2% 46.9%	1.0 (ref) 1.81 (1.21-2.70) 2.45 (1.70-3.53)	1.0 (ref) 1.60 (0.68-3.76) 1.26 (0.54-2.90)
BMI Obese (>30.0) Normal/overweight (18.5-29.9)	201 57	77.9% 22.1%	67 208	24.4% 75.6%	1.0 (ref) 0.09 (0.06-0.14)	1.0 (ref) 0.05 (0.03-0.09)
Exercise <1 time/week 1-2 times/week >3 times/week	132 129 165	31.0% 30.3% 38.7%	142 100 160	35.3% 24.9% 39.8%	1.0 (ref) 1.39 (0.98-1.97) 1.11 (0.80-1.53)	1.0 (ref) 1.40 (0.71-2.78) 1.25 (0.67-2.32)
Heath Rating Excellent/very good 67 14.5% 115 27.2% 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) Good 171 36.9% 137 32.4% 2.14(1.47-3.12) 2.68(1.25-5.76) Fair/poor 225 48.6% 171 40.4% 2.26(1.57-3.24) 2.91(1.31-6.46) ** Adjusted for age, gender, race, education, employment, household income, comorbidity, BMI, level of exercise and health rating; Data within categories may not sum to overall total number of respondents due to missing data; r2=0.39