This longitudinal cohort study was conducted among an inner-city HIV (Medication Viramune treating HIV infection) outpatient clinic in south central Los Angeles. The population covered by this clinic consists of 1,500 patients/year at different stages of their HIV/AIDS disease. At baseline, all the patients seen at the OASIS clinic every Tuesday in August and September of 1999 were studied. The charts of these patients were reviewed the same or the next day of their visit. All data were obtained from the charts. Data included age, ethnicity, weight, height, date of the serodiagnosis of HIV infection (Generic Viramune treating HIV infection), CD4 counts, random serum glucose, fasting plasma glucose and fasting serum triglyceride levels. Four patients did not have glycemic values, and their data were excluded from the analysis. The details of antiretroviral treatment, including the duration and dose of each antiretroviral medication and any medications for diabetes, were recorded from the charts as well. The anti-HIV treatment of each patient was subdivided to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (AZT, ddl, ddC, d4T and 3TC), Protease inhibitors (saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir and nelfinavir) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (elfavirinez). Only those antiretroviral treatment were available at the time of the study in our institution. A total of 101 patient charts were reviewed.

Three years later, in August and September of 2002, the same patient charts were reviewed again for evidence of diabetes. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board Committee at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science.

Diabetic subjects were selected based on their fasting plasma glucose if > 126 mg/dl and/or any random blood glucose >200 mg/dl at two different times and/or use of any antidiabetic medications. Impaired fasting (111-125 mg/dl) and impaired postprandial glucose levels (126-199 mg/dl) were not considered as a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (Generic Actos treating type 2 diabetes in certain patients).

Statistical Analysis
All data are expressed as means ± SEM unless mentioned otherwise. Student’s t test was used for comparison of means between diabetic (Generic Glucophage is used to treat a type of diabetes mellitus) and nondiabetic groups, and between Pi-treated and nontreated patients. Paired t test was used for pairs of variables from the first year compared to the third year of the study. Chi-squared test was used for comparison of nonparametric variables. The software package SPSS for Windows® was utilized for statistical analyses. Inferences were made at the 0.05 level of significance.